6 Proven Natural Anxiety Relief Methods You Need to Try

Anxiety disorder is an umbrella term that refers to a category of psychiatric conditions characterized by extreme fear or worry. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of American (ADAA), anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the United States, affecting 40 million adults in the United States age 18 and older, or 18.1% of the population every year.¹

6 Proven Natural Anxiety Relief Methods You Need to Try

Picture yourself on the brink of a sprawling forest. The trees sway softly in the breeze, creating a melodious rustle of leaves. However, rather than finding peace, your heart pounds, your palms grow clammy, and a fog of apprehension envelops your thoughts. This scenario is all too familiar for those grappling with anxiety—a persistent sensation of fretfulness, nervousness, or disquiet regarding uncertain circumstances. Yet, within the realm of anxiety, nature provides solace, serving as a serene haven for the mind.

In this piece, we delve into six enduring natural solutions that have been validated both by time and scientific research as potent tools for calming the turbulent waters of anxiety. With over 35 years of traversing the healthcare terrain, my exploration has extended beyond the treatment of maladies to a profound comprehension of holistic well-being. Through NourishNetBlog, my aim has always been to impart knowledge that fosters empowerment and healing. Drawing from a career dedicated to public health education, I present these natural remedies not merely as recommendations, but as proven lifelines for those grappling with anxiety.

According to the World Health Organization, anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders worldwide, with an estimated 264 million people affected globally. The American Journal of Psychiatry notes, "Anxiety disorders often go untreated in the general population, despite their high prevalence and significant impact." These statistics are not just numbers; they represent individuals seeking solace and relief from their daily battles with anxiety.

In sharing these remedies, I draw upon the wisdom of nature, the latest research findings, and the voices of those who have walked the path of healing. From the calming properties of certain herbs to the grounding effects of mindfulness, each remedy is a testament to the resilience of the human spirit and the healing power of nature.

Also Read: 6 Simple Mindfulness Exercises for Better Focus & Calm

Now, I invite you to join me on this journey. What do you think about the prevalence of anxiety in our society? How do we begin to find calm in the chaos? Share your thoughts in the comment section below as we delve into the heart of natural anxiety relief.

Key Objectives of this Article

In this exploration of natural remedies for anxiety, our journey is guided by a series of objectives, each designed to illuminate a path toward managing anxiety with the gifts nature provides. These objectives serve as beacons, leading us through the fog of uncertainty that anxiety often casts over our lives. Let’s delve into these key objectives:

  1. Understanding Anxiety: Before we can address anxiety, it's crucial to understand what it is, how it manifests, and its impact on our well-being. We'll explore the physiological and psychological aspects of anxiety, providing a foundation for why natural remedies can be effective.
  2. The Power of Herbal Remedies: Nature's Pharmacy offers a plethora of herbs known for their calming effects. We'll examine the most potent anti-anxiety herbs, supported by scientific research and centuries of traditional use, highlighting how they can be incorporated into daily life.
  3. Mindfulness and Meditation: The ancient practices of mindfulness and meditation have gained significant recognition for their role in managing anxiety. We'll discuss the evidence supporting these practices and offer simple techniques to integrate them into your routine.
  4. Physical Activity as a Natural Antidote: Regular physical activity is a powerful remedy for anxiety. We'll explore the mechanisms through which exercise exerts its calming effects and suggest practical ways to move a part of your anxiety management toolkit.
  5. The Role of Diet in Anxiety Management: What we eat influences how we feel. This objective focuses on the dietary changes and specific nutrients that have been shown to reduce anxiety symptoms, guiding you toward food choices that nourish both body and mind.
  6. The Importance of Sleep: Poor sleep is both a symptom and a contributor to anxiety. We'll cover strategies for improving sleep quality naturally, understanding the deep connection between restful sleep and reduced anxiety levels.

By addressing these objectives, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of natural anxiety remedies and practical advice for incorporating these strategies into your life. Each section is designed not just to inform but to empower you with the tools necessary for reclaiming peace and tranquility.

Also Read: The Benefits of Meditation on Mental Health

Do you have any personal experiences with anxiety that you've managed through natural remedies? Feel free to share in the comments below.

Understanding Anxiety

To navigate the path to relief, we first must understand the terrain. Anxiety, in its essence, is a natural stress response. It’s a signal from our brain, alerting us to potential dangers, and preparing us for action—the fight-or-flight response. However, when anxiety becomes chronic, it no longer serves as a helpful alert system; instead, it becomes a pervasive shadow, coloring every aspect of life with worry and fear.

Physiological Perspective: Anxiety triggers a cascade of responses in the body, from an increased heart rate to rapid breathing, all designed to prepare your body to respond to a threat. Chronic anxiety, however, can lead to long-term health issues, including heart disease, diabetes, and depression, highlighting the importance of managing it effectively.

Psychological Impact: On the mind, anxiety can manifest as persistent worry, trouble concentrating, and feelings of impending doom. This constant state of stress can affect relationships, job performance, and overall quality of life.

The World Health Organization emphasizes the global impact of anxiety, noting that it not only affects the individual's health but also imposes a significant economic burden due to lost productivity and medical costs. Similarly, the National Institute of Mental Health points out that while anxiety disorders are highly treatable, only about one-third of those suffering receive treatment.

Natural Remedies: A Path Forward: Given the complexities of anxiety, it's clear that finding effective management strategies is crucial. This is where natural remedies come into play. These approaches offer a gentler, more holistic way to ease the symptoms of anxiety, often without the side effects associated with conventional medications.

In embracing natural remedies, we align ourselves with the rhythms of nature, tapping into the healing power inherent in plants, the calming influence of mindful practices, and the restorative potential of lifestyle changes. As we embark on this journey, remember, that the aim is not just to treat symptoms but to nurture a deeper sense of wellbeing and harmony within ourselves.

What's your take on the role of natural remedies in managing anxiety? Have you or someone you know found relief through these methods? I’d love to hear your stories in the comments.

The Power of Herbal Remedies

In our quest to find solace from anxiety, we turn to the earth’s bounty—herbs that have served as natural sedatives and calming agents through centuries. These plants carry within them the essence of tranquility, offering a gentle yet effective means to soothe the restless mind. Let's delve into some of the most revered anti-anxiety herbs, their uses, and the science behind their efficacy.

  1. Lavender: Known for its fragrant blossoms, lavender isn’t just a sensory delight; it's a potent herbal remedy for anxiety. Studies have shown that lavender oil can have a calming effect on the nervous system, reducing anxiety levels and improving sleep quality. One clinical trial published in the Phytomedicine journal found that oral supplementation of lavender oil significantly decreased anxiety scores in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.
  2. Chamomile: This gentle herb, often enjoyed as a tea, has been used for centuries to ease the mind and calm digestive issues. Research supports its use for anxiety relief; a study in the Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology reported that chamomile extract was effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety. Whether taken as a tea or supplement, chamomile embodies nature’s tranquility.
  3. Ashwagandha: An adaptogen that originates from Ayurvedic medicine, ashwagandha helps the body manage stress more effectively. Clinical trials, such as one published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, have demonstrated its ability to significantly reduce levels of stress and anxiety in adults.
  4. Valerian Root: Often called nature’s valium, valerian root is prized for its sedative qualities. It's particularly helpful for those who suffer from sleep disturbances due to anxiety. Research suggests that valerian root may improve sleep quality without the grogginess that sometimes accompanies pharmaceutical sleep aids.
  5. Passionflower: This beautiful vine is more than just aesthetically pleasing; it's also a powerful herbal remedy for anxiety. Studies have shown that passionflower can be as effective as some prescription medications for treating anxiety symptoms, making it a valuable tool in natural anxiety management.
  6. Lemon Balm: A member of the mint family, lemon balm has a lemony scent and flavor that can uplift the spirit. Research has found that it can help reduce anxiety and improve mood, possibly by modulating neurotransmitter activity in the brain.

Incorporating these herbs into your daily routine can be a simple yet profound step toward managing anxiety. Whether through teas, tinctures, or supplements, these natural remedies offer a bridge to peace and calm amid life’s storms.

Remember, while these herbs have been shown to help with anxiety, they should complement, not replace, other treatment strategies. It's always wise to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking other medications.

What are your thoughts on herbal remedies for anxiety? Have you tried any of these herbs, and if so, what was your experience? Share your insights in the comment section below.

Mindfulness and Meditation: Ancient Practices for Modern Anxieties

In our fast-paced world, where our senses are constantly bombarded by stimuli, finding a moment of peace can seem elusive. Yet, the ancient practices of mindfulness and meditation offer a sanctuary for the mind, a place of calm amidst the chaos. These practices, rooted in centuries-old traditions, have gained widespread recognition for their ability to reduce stress and improve mental health. Let's delve into how these practices work and how they can be integrated into our daily lives to manage anxiety.

Mindfulness: At its core, mindfulness is the practice of being fully present in the moment, aware of where we are and what we’re doing, without being overly reactive or overwhelmed by what’s going on around us. It's about acknowledging our thoughts and feelings without judgment. Research has consistently shown that mindfulness can significantly reduce symptoms of anxiety. For instance, a study published in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology found that mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) programs can have a substantial effect on anxiety levels.

Meditation: Meditation, often practiced as a part of mindfulness, involves sitting quietly and paying attention to thoughts, sounds, the sensations of breathing, or parts of the body. It's a practice of concentrated focus that helps to calm the mind and ease stress. Various forms of meditation have been studied, including transcendental meditation and focused attention meditation, both of which have been shown to reduce anxiety levels. A systematic review and meta-analysis published in JAMA Internal Medicine concluded that meditation programs can result in small to moderate reductions of multiple negative dimensions of psychological stress.

Integrating Mindfulness and Meditation into Daily Life: Starting a practice can be as simple as dedicating a few minutes each day to focus on your breath or engaging in a short guided meditation using one of the many available apps or online resources. The beauty of mindfulness is that it can be practiced at any moment, whether you’re eating, walking, or even during a break at work.

Practical Tips:

  • Start Small: Begin with just five minutes of meditation a day, gradually increasing the time as you feel more comfortable.
  • Use Technology: Leverage apps like Headspace or Calm, which offer guided meditations for beginners.
  • Incorporate Mindfulness into Routine Activities: Try to be fully present while performing daily tasks, such as when you’re brushing your teeth or eating your meals.
  • Practice Gratitude: End your day by reflecting on or journaling about things you're grateful for, which can shift your focus from anxiety to appreciation.

Mindfulness and meditation are not just practices but ways of living. They invite us to slow down, breathe, and truly connect with the present moment. By incorporating these practices into our lives, we not only manage anxiety but also discover a deeper sense of peace and contentment.

I’m curious to hear about your experiences or thoughts on mindfulness and meditation. Have they been part of your journey in managing anxiety? Feel free to share in the comments below.

Physical Activity as a Natural Antidote

It's no secret that exercise is good for the body, but its benefits extend far beyond physical health. Engaging in regular physical activity is a potent remedy for anxiety, acting as a natural mood lifter and stress reducer. Let's explore how movement can serve as a powerful tool in our arsenal against anxiety.

The Science Behind Exercise and Anxiety Relief: When we exercise, our body releases chemicals like endorphins and serotonin that naturally improve our mood and relieve stress. Moreover, engaging in physical activity can lead to improvements in sleep, self-esteem, and resilience, all of which play a critical role in managing anxiety. A significant body of research, including studies cited by the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, supports the efficacy of exercise in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression.

 

Finding the Right Type of Exercise for You: The most effective exercise is the one you enjoy and can stick with. Whether it’s walking, running, cycling, yoga, or dancing, the key is to find an activity that fits your lifestyle and preferences. Here are a few suggestions:

  • Walking: A brisk walk in nature can not only provide a cardiovascular workout but also has calming effects on the mind.
  • Yoga: Combining physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation, yoga can be especially beneficial for those dealing with anxiety.
  • Team Sports: Participating in team sports can offer a sense of community and support, in addition to the physical benefits.
  • Strength Training: Lifting weights or engaging in bodyweight exercises can help reduce anxiety and improve overall mood.

Incorporating Exercise into Your Daily Routine: Making physical activity a regular part of your life doesn’t have to be daunting. Here are some tips to get started:

  • Set Realistic Goals: Start with achievable goals, such as a 10-minute walk each day, and gradually increase intensity and duration.
  • Find a Workout Buddy: Exercising with a friend can increase motivation and make physical activity more enjoyable.
  • Mix It Up: Keep your routine interesting by trying different types of exercises.
  • Make It a Habit: Schedule your workout sessions just as you would any other important activity.

The Role of Consistency: Consistency is key when it comes to reaping the benefits of exercise for anxiety management. It’s about making physical activity a part of your lifestyle, not a temporary fix. The goal is to find joy in movement, allowing it to nurture both your body and mind.

Exercise offers a natural, accessible, and highly effective way to combat anxiety. It empowers us to take control of our health and well-being, proving that sometimes, the best medicine is simply moving our bodies.

I'd love to hear your thoughts or experiences regarding physical activity and anxiety. What activities have you found helpful? Let’s discuss this in the comments below.

The Role of Diet in Anxiety Management

The adage "you are what you eat" holds profound truth, especially when it comes to managing anxiety. Our diet plays a crucial role in our mental health, influencing everything from our mood to our energy levels and even our responses to stress. As we continue our journey through natural remedies for anxiety, let's explore how the foods we consume can either be our ally or adversary in the battle against anxiety.

Nutritional Psychiatry: This emerging field underscores the link between diet and mental health. Research has shown that certain dietary patterns can affect the brain and, by extension, our mental health. For instance, a diet rich in whole foods like vegetables, fruits, whole grains, lean protein, and omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with lower levels of anxiety, according to a study published in the Journal of Affective Disorders.

Key Nutrients for Anxiety Relief:

  • Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in fatty fish (like salmon and sardines), walnuts, and flaxseeds, omega-3s are essential for brain health and may help reduce anxiety levels.
  • Magnesium: This mineral, present in leafy greens, nuts, and whole grains, has a calming effect on the nervous system.
  • Zinc: Foods like oysters, beef, cashews, and egg yolks are high in zinc, which has been linked to lowered anxiety.
  • Vitamin B6 and B12: These vitamins, found in chicken, fish, bananas, and potatoes, play a role in producing neurotransmitters that influence mood.

Dietary Patterns to Consider:

  • Mediterranean Diet: Emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, olive oil, fish, and moderate wine consumption, this diet has been associated with a reduced risk of depression and anxiety.
  • Whole Foods Diet: Focusing on foods in their most natural state, avoiding processed foods, which often contain high levels of sugar and artificial ingredients that can exacerbate anxiety symptoms.

Practical Tips for Dietary Management of Anxiety:

  • Plan Balanced Meals: Ensure your meals contain a good balance of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats to stabilize blood sugar levels, which can impact mood and energy.
  • Stay Hydrated: Dehydration can cause mood fluctuations and fatigue, contributing to feelings of anxiety.
  • Limit Caffeine and Alcohol: Both can affect your sleep and mood, potentially worsening anxiety symptoms.
  • Mindful Eating: Pay attention to how your body feels after eating certain foods. Tracking your diet and mood can help identify triggers for your anxiety.

Incorporating Anti-Anxiety Foods into Your Diet: Start small by incorporating a few anti-anxiety foods into your meals each week. Experiment with new recipes that include these nutrient-rich ingredients, and observe how your body and mind respond.

Diet is a powerful tool for managing anxiety. It offers a path to not only nourish our bodies but also heal our minds. As we make more informed choices about the foods we eat, we can take significant strides toward reducing anxiety and enhancing our overall well-being.

I’m eager to hear about your experiences or thoughts on the connection between diet and anxiety. Have you noticed changes in your anxiety levels based on what you eat? Share in the comments below.

The Importance of Sleep in Anxiety Management

A good night’s sleep is more than just a luxury; it’s a cornerstone of mental health, acting as both a buffer against and a remedy for anxiety. The relationship between sleep and anxiety is bidirectional—poor sleep can lead to increased anxiety, and anxiety can disrupt sleep. As we delve into the intricacies of this relationship, we uncover strategies to harness sleep's restorative power, enhancing our ability to manage anxiety naturally.

Also Read: Why deep sleep is necessary for a long healthy life

Understanding the Sleep-Anxiety Cycle: Anxiety can make it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep through the night, leading to a state of sleep deprivation. This lack of restorative sleep exacerbates anxiety, creating a vicious cycle that can be hard to break. Research, including findings published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research, indicates that improving sleep quality can significantly reduce anxiety levels, highlighting the importance of addressing sleep within anxiety management strategies.

Strategies for Improving Sleep:

  • Establish a Regular Sleep Schedule: Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, even on weekends, helps regulate your body's internal clock and improves the quality of your sleep.
  • Create a Restful Environment: Ensure your bedroom is quiet, dark, and cool. Consider using earplugs, eye shades, or white noise machines if necessary.
  • Limit Exposure to Screens Before Bed: The blue light emitted by phones, tablets, and computers can interfere with your ability to fall asleep. Try to avoid screens at least an hour before bedtime.
  • Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques: Practices such as deep breathing exercises, meditation, or gentle yoga before bed can help ease anxiety and promote relaxation.
  • Limit Caffeine and Alcohol: Both substances can affect sleep quality. Try to limit caffeine consumption to the morning hours and moderate alcohol intake.
  • Physical Activity: Regular exercise can improve sleep quality and reduce anxiety, but try to avoid vigorous exercise close to bedtime as it can have the opposite effect.

The Role of Sleep Hygiene: Sleep hygiene refers to the habits and practices that are conducive to sleeping well regularly. Good sleep hygiene not only improves sleep quality but can also be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for anxiety. It’s about creating a ritual around bedtime that signals to your body that it’s time to wind down and prepare for sleep.

Considerations for Persistent Sleep Issues: If you’ve tried improving your sleep hygiene and still struggle with sleep, it may be time to consult a healthcare professional. Conditions like insomnia and sleep apnea can significantly impact your sleep quality and, by extension, your anxiety levels. There are treatments available that can help, and sometimes just understanding the root cause of sleep disturbances can bring relief.

The Transformative Power of Sleep: Embracing good sleep habits can transform your mental health, providing a foundation upon which other anxiety management strategies can build. By prioritizing sleep, we give our bodies and minds the chance to heal and rejuvenate, empowering us to face the day with resilience and calm.

Sleep, in its silent majesty, offers a nightly refuge from the tumult of anxiety. It’s an essential ally in our journey toward wellness, a natural remedy waiting to be embraced.

I’d love to hear about your experiences with sleep and anxiety. Have you found certain strategies helpful in improving your sleep? Please share in the comments below.

Practical Tips in List & Short Description Format

After exploring the various natural remedies for anxiety, from herbal remedies to the importance of sleep, it's clear that managing anxiety requires a multifaceted approach. Here, we compile a list of practical tips and strategies that you can easily incorporate into your daily routine to help manage anxiety naturally. These actionable steps are designed to empower you, offering simple yet effective tools for fostering a sense of calm and well-being.

  1. Incorporate Herbal Remedies into Your Routine:
    • Enjoy a cup of chamomile tea before bedtime to promote relaxation and improve sleep quality.
    • Consider lavender oil diffusers in your home or workspace to create a calming atmosphere.
    • Explore ashwagandha supplements, following the recommended dosages, to help your body manage stress.
  2. Practice Mindfulness and Meditation Daily:
    • Dedicate 5-10 minutes each morning to meditation, focusing on your breath to ground yourself.
    • Engage in mindful walking, fully immersing yourself in the sensations and sights of your surroundings.
    • Before meals, take a moment to express gratitude for your food, focusing on the present moment.
  3. Stay Active with Regular Physical Exercise:
    • Schedule short walks during your day, using them as breaks from work or study.
    • Try yoga or stretching exercises to connect your body and mind, enhancing both flexibility and mental clarity.
    • Join a recreational sports team to combine the benefits of physical activity with social interaction.
  4. Optimize Your Diet for Mental Health:
    • Include omega-3-rich foods, like salmon or flaxseeds, in your diet to support brain health.
    • Reduce intake of processed foods and sugars, which can exacerbate anxiety symptoms.
    • Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day, aiming for at least 8 glasses.
  5. Establish a Restorative Sleep Routine:
    • Create a bedtime ritual that may include reading, a warm bath, or listening to calming music to signal your body it's time to wind down.
    • Keep electronic devices out of the bedroom to avoid blue light exposure before sleep.
    • Ensure your sleeping environment is conducive to rest: cool, dark, and quiet.
  6. Journaling for Reflection and Awareness:
    • Keep a daily journal to express your thoughts, feelings, and anxieties, helping to clarify and manage your emotions.
    • Reflect on positive experiences or things you are grateful for each day to shift focus from anxiety to positivity.
  7. Connect with Nature:
    • Spend time outdoors daily, whether it’s a walk in the park or just sitting in a garden, to reduce stress and improve mood.
    • Engage in gardening or other outdoor hobbies that encourage mindfulness and physical activity.

Implementing these strategies can help create a balanced, holistic approach to managing anxiety. Remember, small changes can lead to significant improvements in your overall well-being.

As we conclude this exploration of natural remedies for anxiety, I hope you've found these insights and strategies valuable. Your journey toward managing anxiety is deeply personal, and integrating these natural remedies can offer gentle support along the way.

What strategies resonate most with you? Are there any tips you’re excited to try? I encourage you to share your thoughts and experiences in the comments below.

Embracing Natural Remedies for Anxiety

As we draw this exploration to a close, it's evident that managing anxiety—a challenge that so many of us face—is not a journey to embark upon alone, nor is it one that necessitates a sole reliance on pharmaceutical interventions. The natural world offers a cornucopia of remedies, practices, and lifestyle adjustments that can profoundly impact our mental well-being. Through the cultivation of mindfulness, the nourishment of our bodies, the engagement of our physical selves, the embrace of restful sleep, and the gentle aid of herbal allies, we uncover a holistic path to managing anxiety.

Key Points Summary:

  • Herbal Remedies: Lavender, chamomile, ashwagandha, valerian root, passionflower, and lemon balm emerge as nature’s offerings to soothe our anxious minds.
  • Mindfulness and Meditation: These ancient practices call us back to the present, teaching us to navigate the tumult of our thoughts with grace and presence.
  • Physical Activity: Movement is not just medicine for the body but a salve for the soul, capable of lifting our spirits and calming our minds.
  • Diet: What we consume can either fuel our anxiety or ease it, highlighting the importance of a balanced, nutrient-rich diet.
  • Sleep: The sanctity of sleep cannot be overstated; it is during these quiet hours that our minds and bodies rejuvenate, equipping us to face our days with renewed vigor and calm.

In embracing these natural remedies, we do more than just manage symptoms; we nurture a holistic sense of well-being that encompasses body, mind, and spirit. This journey is deeply personal and uniquely ours, yet it is also a shared human experience, a reminder that in our search for peace, we are never truly alone.

I encourage you to take a moment to reflect on your journey with anxiety. Which of these natural remedies speaks to you? Are there practices or adjustments you feel drawn to explore further? Anxiety, while a common thread among us, touches each life differently. Finding the combination of remedies that resonates with your unique needs and experiences is key to crafting a life marked not by the shadow of anxiety but by the light of well-being.

And so, as we part ways on this written journey, I leave you with a question to ponder: How can you incorporate these natural remedies into your daily life to not just manage anxiety but to flourish?

I invite you to share your thoughts, experiences, and reflections in the comments below. Your story is a valuable part of the collective narrative on managing anxiety, and your insights could light the way for someone else in their time of need.

Remember to subscribe to NourishNetBlog.com for more articles like this, where we explore the many ways to nourish the body, mind, and soul. Together, let's embark on a journey of healing, discovery, and growth.

Thank you for joining me on this exploration of natural remedies for anxiety. May you find peace on your path, and may the remedies we've discussed serve as guiding stars on your journey to wellness.

Resources:

https://www.psycom.net/anxiety 

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/expert-answers/herbal-treatment-for-anxiety/faq-20057945 

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/anxiety-disorders 

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders 

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